Zitter Repository

The Zitter Repository is a collection of all published papers that reference the Zitter Model of the electron, interpreting the Zitterbewegung as an internal motion of the electron at the velocity responsible for its spin and intrinsic magnetic moment.


References in LaTEX


File Description
references.tex References to papers in Latex bib format
zitter-xx.bib References to papers in the Zitter Reposository and published in the 20th century
zitter-xxi.bib References to papers in the Zitter Reposository and published in the 21st century
zitter-extra.bib References to papers not present in the Zitter Repository


List of Papers


Author Year Title
Parson 1915 Magneton Theory of the Structure of the Atom
Lewis 1916 The Atom and the Molecule
Webster 1917 The Theory of Electromagnetic Mass of the Parson Magneton
Grondahl 1917 Experimental evidence for the parson magneton
Webster 1918 The scattering of alpha rays as evidence on the Parson Magneton hypothesis
Allen 1918 The case for a ring electron
Compton 1918 The Size and Shape of the Electron I
Compton 1919 The Size and Shape of the Electron II
Compton 1919 The Size and Shape of the Electron III
Allen 1920 Optical rotation, optical isomerism, and the ring-electron
Allen 1921 The angular momentum and some related properties of the ring electron
Compton 1921 The magnetic electron
Uhlenbeck-Goudsmit 1926 Spinning electrons and the structure of spectra
Thomas 1926 The motion of the spinning electron
Slater 1926 Spinning electrons and the structure of spectra
deBroglie 1927 On the Theory of Quanta
Dirac 1928 The Quantum Theory of the electron
Schrodinger 1930 On force-free motion in relativistic quantum mechanics
Dirac 1933 Theory of electrons and positrons (Nobel Lecture)
Mathisson 1937 The jittering electron and its dynamics
Holn-Papapetrou 1939 Uber die innere Bewegung des Elektrons I
Holn-Papapetrou 1939 Uber die innere Bewegung des Elektrons II
Holn-Papapetrou 1940 Uber die innere Bewegung des Elektrons III
Bhabha-Corben 1941 General Classical Theory of Spinning Particles in a Maxwell Field
Weyssenhoff 1947 On two relativistic models of dirac's electron
Foldy-Wouthuysen 1950 On the Dirac Theory of Spin 1/2 Particles and Its Non-Relativistic Limit
Brandmuller 1951 ModellmaBige Deutung des magnetischen Zusatzmomentes des Elektrons
Huang 1952 On the Zitterbewegung of the Dirac Electron
Bunge 1954 A Picture of the Electron
Caldirora 1956 A New Model of Classical Electron
Zipkin 1956 Theoretical zipperdynamics (parody paper)
Corben 1961 Spin in Classical and Quantum Theory
Jehle 1971 Relationship of Flux Quantization to Charge Quantization and the Electromagnetic Coupling Constant
Tomonaga 1974 The Story of Spin
iida 1974 A Persistent Electric Current Model of the Electron with a New Explanation for g=2(1+α/2π)
Bartlett-Monroy 1977 Spinning magnets and Jehle's model of the electron
Jennison 1978 Relativistic phase-locked cavities as particle models
Jennison 1979 What is an electron?
Hestenes 1979 Spin and uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum mechanics
Jennison 1980 The inertial mass and anomalous internal angular momentum of a phase-locked cavity
Barut-Bracken 1981 Zitterbewegung and the internal geometry of the electron
Datzeff 1983 Structure of the Electron
Hestenes 1983 Quantum Mechanics from Self-Interaction
Barut-Zanghi 1984 Classical Model of the Dirac Electron
Ohanian 1984 What is spin?
Bostick 1985 The Morphology of the Electron
Rivas 1985 Classical particle systems: I. Galilei free particle
Barut-Pavsic 1987 Quantisation of the classical relativistic zitterbewegung in the Schrodinger picture
Rivas 1989 Classical relativistic spinning particles
Jennison 1989 A new classical relativistic model of the electron
Barut 1989 Excited States Of Zitterbewegung
Bergman - Wesley 1990 Spinning Charged Ring Model of Electron
Hestenes 1990 The Zitterhewegung Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Carrol 1991 The Toroidal Electron
Hestenes 1993 Zitterbewegung modeling
Pavsic-Recami 1993 Spin and electron structure
Vaz-Recami-Salesi 1993 About zitterbewegung and electron structure
Twain 1994 The electron
Rivas 1994 Quantization of generalized spinning particles: New derivation of Dirac’s equation
Recami-Salesi 1994 Field theory of the spinning electron and internal motions
Recami-Salesi 1996 Field theory of the electron spin and zitterbewegung
Recami-Salesi 1996 About kinematics and hydrodynamics of spinning particles: some simple considerations
Recami-Salesi 1997 Hydrodynamical reformulation and quantum limit of the Barut-Zanghi theory
Recami-Salesi 1997 Kinematics and hydrodynamics of spinning particles
Pavsic-Recami-Rodrigues 1998 Electron structure, zitterbewegung and a new non-linear Dirac–like equation
Williamson-van der Mark 1998 Is the electron a photon with toroidal topology?
Natarajan 1998 Do quantum particles have a structure?
Kanarev 2000 Model of the Electron
Davis 2000 Zitterbewegung and the Charge of an Electron
Auvermann 2001 An Elementary Electron Model for Electron-Electron Scattering Based On Static Magnetic Field
Rivas 2001 Kinematical Theory of elementary spinning particles (version 2024)
Hestenes 2003 Mysteries and Insights of Dirac Theory
Rivas 2003 The dynamical equation of the spinning electron
Rivas 2003 Classical elementary partiles, spin, zitterbewegung and all that
Sarg 2003 A Physical Model of the Electron According to the Basic Structures of Matter Hypothesis
Hu 2005 The nature of the electron
Hestenes 2005 Zitterbewegung in Quantum Mechanics – a research program
Bergman 2005 Electron Wave Function
Lucas 2005 A Classical Electromagnetic Theory of Elementary Particles Part 1
Lucas 2005 A Classical Electromagnetic Theory of Elementary Particles Part 2, Intertwining Charge-Fibers
Burinskii 2005 The Dirac – Kerr-Newman electron
Simulik 2005 What is the Electron?
Bergman 2006 Fine-Structure Properties of the Electron, Proton and Neutron
Gauthier 2006 Superluminal quantum models of the electron and the photon
Rivas 2007 The Atomic hypothesis: Physical consequences
Torres-Silva 2007 Spin and realtivity: A semiclassical model for the electron spin
Sidharth 2008 Revisiting Zitterbewegung
Gouanere 2008 A Search for the de Broglie Particle Internal Clock by Means of Electron Channeling
Hestenes 2008 Reading the Electron Clock
Hestenes 2008 Electron time, mass and zitter
Hestenes 2008 Zitterbewegung in Quantum Mechanics – a research progra
Rivas 2008 On the kinematics of the centre of charge of a spinning particle
Gauthier 2009 Transluminal Energy Quantum (TEQ) Model of the Electron
Caesar 2009 Model for Understanding the Substructure of the Electron
Osmera 2009 Vortex-ring-fractal Structure of Atom and molecule
Bergman 2010 Modeling the Real Structure of an Electron
Wayte 2010 A model of the electron
Robinson 2011 A proposal for the structure and properties of the electron
Abyaneh-Farhoudi 2011 Zitterbewegung in External Magnetic Field: Classic versus Quantum Approach
Ginzburg 2011 Basic Concept of 3-Dimensional Spiral String Theory (3D-SST)
Bergman-Allen 2012 Electron in the Ground Energy State—Part 1
Bergman-Allen 2012 Electron in the Ground Energy State—Part 2
Bergman-Allen 2012 Electron in the Ground Energy State—Part 3
Bergman-Allen 2012 Electron in the Ground Energy State—Part 4
Rivas 2012 Measuring the internal clock of the electron
Rivas 2012 The center of mass and center of charge of the electron
Jean Maruani 2012 The Dirac Electron: Spin, Zitterbewegung, the ComptonWavelength, and the Kinetic Foundation of Rest Mass
Tarakanov 2012 Zitterbewegung as purely classical phenomenon
Osmera 2013 Fractal dimensión of electron
Consa 2014 Helical Model of the Electron
Akins 2015 The electron as a confined photon
Gauthier 2015 The Electron is a Charged Photon
Osmera-Werner 2015 Ring structures of atoms and molecules
Giese 2015 A Particle Model Explaining Mass and Relativity in a Physical Way
Calaon 2016 Yet Another LENR Theory: Electron-mediated Nuclear Reactions (EMNR)
Asif-Khan 2016 Zitterbewegung, internal momentum and spin of the circular travelling wave electromagnetic electron
Osmera 2017 Rings Structures of matter
Niehaus 2017 Zitterbewegung and the Electron
Consa 2017 g-factor and the Helical Solenoid Electron Model
Vassallo 2017 The Electron and Occam's Razor
Vassallo 2017 Maxwell's Equations and Occam's Razor
Vassallo 2018 Electron Structure, Ultra-dense Hydrogen and Low Energy Nuclear
Consa 2018 Helical Solenoid Model of the Electron
Hestenes 2018 Deconstructing the electron clock
Consa 2018 The Helicon: A New Preon Model
Van Belle 2018 Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence relation: an explanation in terms of the Zitterbewegung
Yepez 2018 Picometer Toroidal Structures Found in the Covalent Bond
Johnson 2019 The Spin Torus Energy Model and Electricity
Rousselle 2019 Mémoire sur la mécanique quantique et l’approche ondulatoire
Baixauli 2019 Discrete Model of Electron
Lush 2019 Does Bohm’s Quantum Force Have a Classical Origin?
Williamson 2019 A new linear theory of light and matter
Werner 2019 Modeling the basic ring structures in elementary particles
Van Belle 2019 The Emperor Has No Clothes: A Realist Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Van Belle 2020 An explanation of the electron and its wavefunction
Hestenes 2020 Quantum Mechanics of the electron particle-clock
Hestenes 2020 Zitterbewegung structure in electrons and photons
Alvaro G. Lopez 2020 On an electrodynamic origin of quantum fluctuations
Avner-Boillot 2020 Electron Mass Predicted From Substructure Stability in Electrodynamical Model
Klyushin 2020 Electron’s Mechanic Characteristics
Natarajan 2021 A New Phenomenological Interpretation of the Mathematical Framework of Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.
Zaloumis 2021 Emission of light during changes in the state of motion of charged particles.The path to a Zitterbewegung based mechanism
Arsenovic 2021 Time Harmonic Relativistic Wave Mechanics
Biemond 2021 Toroidal model of leptons
Markoulakis 2022 A 1⁄2 spin fiber model for the electron
Reed 2022 Quantum Wave Mechanics Ch 17. Electron Model
Beck 2023 Neo-classical Relativistic Mechanics Theory for Electrons That Exhibits Spin, Zitterbewegung, Dipole Moments, Wavefunctions and Dirac's Wave Equation
Vassallo-Kovacs 2023 The Proton and Occam's Razor
Urdaneta 2023 The zitterbewegung electron puzzle
Gryziecki 2023 The Toroidal Fine-Structure of the Electron
CAM dos Santos 2023 The Structure of the Electron Revealed by Schwinger Limits
CAM dos Santos 2024 Bohr postulates derived from the toroidal electron model
Landvogt 2024 The Circular Current Loop as a Model of Fundamental Particles
Hestenes 2024 Presentation AGACSE 2024: Zitter-Zilch Electron
Kovacs-Vassallo 2024 Rethinking Electron Statistics Rules
Johnson 2024 The Positive Side of Electrons, Electric Current and Electromagnetism
Fleury 2024 The Zilch-Zitter Electron
CAM dos Santos 2024 On the Fermi Gas, the Sommerfeld Fine Structure Constant, and the Electron–Electron Scattering in Conductors
Burinskii 2024 Kerr-Newman solution unites gravitation with quantum theory
Rivas 2024 Considerations about the measurement of the magnetic moment and electric dipole moment of the electron
CAM dos Santos 2024 Toroidal Electron: A Bridge Between Quantum Mechanics and Relativity
Vassallo 2024 Charge Clusters, Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Electron Structure
Rivas 2025 Poincare invariant interaction between two Dirac particles
Witherell 2025 A Possible World. Time Symmetry and a New Foundation for Quantum Mechanics
Fleury-Rousselle 2025 Critical Review of Zitterbewegung Electron Models
Hestenes 2025 Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock
Rivas 2025 Classical Dirac particle I
Lush 2025 Quantum Wave Mechanics as the Magnetic Interaction of Dirac Particles
Beck 2025 Free Electron Paths from Dirac’s Wave Equation Elucidating Zitterbewegung and Spin
Consa 2025 The Zitter Electron Model and the Anomalous Magnetic Moment
Rivas 2025 Classical Dirac particle II. Interaction with an electromagnetic plane wave
CAM dos Santos-Fleury 2025 An electromagnetic model of the electron
Rivas 2025 Classical Dirac particle: Mass and Spin invariance and radiation reaction
Hestenes 2025 Maxwell–Dirac QED
Rivas 2026 Is it possible to describe an electron by the evolution of a single point?
Correa 2026 Fine Structure and Cosmogenic Creation of the Electron Mass-Energy
Natarajan 2026 Helical Phase Geometry of Electrons: A Geometric Interpretation of Quantum and Relativistic Structures
Rivas 2026 Physical properties of elementary particles: Inertia and Interaction
Kantonen 2026 Self-consistent helical solutions for the Zitterbewegung electron
Sulich 2026 Quantum Geometry of an Electron: the Golden Number and Internal Half-Oscillator